![]() ![]() The X-Download-Options HTTP header has only one option: X-Download-Options: noopen. ![]() This mitigates man-in-the-middle attacks where TLS can be stripped out. Until then the browser will only visit the HTTPS version of the website, even if the user tries to go to the HTTP version. The max-age parameter can be any value from 0 upwards, which is the number of seconds before the browser should re-read that header. The HTTP header looks like this: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000. ![]() HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) ensures the browser never visits the HTTP version of a website. Here’s a more detailed introduction to CSP and a cheat sheet. It tells the browser to only report the policy violations to a URL endpoint or the browser’s console. ![]() Unfortunately the ability to whitelist source domains doesn’t seem to be supported by IE yet.īecause configuring these rules isn’t straightforward in larger projects, a strategy could be to first use the Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only header instead. Internet Explorer still only supports that header in versions 10+. And it’s backward compatible, so the site will be fully functional in older browsers but won’t have the extra protection. The support rate totals about 70% of all browsers currently in use. That means you can reduce the number of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vectors by, for example, allowing only scripts from your domain or disallowing inline scripts. Primarily, CSP is a set of rules to tell the browser from what source scripts may be executed and thus all other sources are disallowed. The Content-Security-Policy header defines whitelist rules for Content Security Policy (CSP). Twitter published a gem to add also the following security-related headers. This will tell the browser not to look for HTML in server responses and assume an HTML xxxsexmoviesfreemime type if the content type is somehow ambiguous. X-Content-Type-Options nosniff is also sent by default. Allowed values are 0 (off), 1 (on) or 1 mode=block which will block the response rather than sanitizing or escaping the reflective XSS. Reflective XSS is a string containing HTML/JavaScript that the user entered on one page and is repeated on the next page, for example after submitting a form. This turns on the reflective XSS protection in Chrome, Internet Explorer and Safari. Rails sends X-XSS-Protection 1 mode=block by default. Here is a great write-up of the vulnerability. But because the links are transparent, the user won’t notice when she unintentionally clicks a link in the iframe. If a user is logged into the site in the iframe, the attacker can position unsuspicious elements right behind links in the iframe. This is a countermeasure against clickjacking, where an attacker includes a site in an iframe and uses CSS to make the contents transparent. Allowed values are SAMEORIGIN, DENY and ALLOW-FROM which allows you to include this site in an iframe on. It means another website can only include this website in an iframe if it’s from the same origin. X-Frame-Options 'SAMEORIGIN' is sent by default. There are also a few additional ones, but they require a bit more configuration and thought. Rails sends a couple of new security HTTP headers by default so you should probably know what they do. ![]()
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